1. Period [.]
1. Use a period to show the end of a sentence.
Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
The federal government is based in Ottawa.
The federal government is based in Ottawa.
2. Use a period after certain abbreviations.
B.C. is the province located on the West
Coast.
Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.
Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.
Use a question mark at the end of a sentence to show a
direct question.
How many provinces are there in Canada?
Note: do not use
a question mark for indirect questions.
3. Exclamation Mark [!]
Use an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence to
show surprise or excitement.
4. Comma [,]
1. Use a comma to show a pause in a sentence.
Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.
2. Use a comma with quotation marks to show what
someone has said directly.
"I can come today," she said, "but not
tomorrow."
3. Use commas for listing three or more different
things.
Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.
4. Use commas around relative clauses that add extra
information to a sentence.
Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.
5. Apostrophe [']
1. Use an apostrophe to show ownership of something.
This is David's computer.
These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)
These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)
Note: For nouns
in plural form, put the apostrophe at the end of the noun.
These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)
2. Use an apostrophe to show letters that have been
left out of a word.
6. Quotation Marks ["]
Use quotation marks to show what someone has said
directly.
The prime minister said, "We will win the election."
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
7. Colon [:]
1. Use a colon to introduce a list of things.
There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.
2. Use a colon to introduce a long quotation.
8. Semicolon [;]
1. Use a semicolon to join related sentences together.
The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit
each year.
2. Use a semicolon in lists that already have commas.
The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal,
Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.
9. Dash [-]
1. Use a dash before a phrase that summarizes the idea
of a sentence.
Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in
Vancouver.
2. Use a dash before and after a phrase or list that
adds extra information in the middle of a sentence.
The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store.
Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.
Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.
3. Use a dash to show that someone has been
interrupted when speaking.
The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake
began to shake the room.
1. Use a hyphen to join two words that form one idea
together.
sweet-smelling
fire-resistant
fire-resistant
2. Use a hyphen to join prefixes to words.
anti-Canadian
non-contact
non-contact
3. Use a hyphen when writing compound numbers.
one-quarter
twenty-three
twenty-three
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